Due diligence

How to evaluate any annuity before buying.

Every annuity is a contract with tradeoffs. This checklist covers the questions to ask, the fees to find, and the documents to read before signing.

Surrender charges and liquidity

Find the surrender schedule, free-withdrawal amount, and any market value adjustment. Match the term to your known spending needs.

Insurer financial strength

Guarantees are only as strong as the company behind them. Review independent ratings from A.M. Best, S&P, Moody's, or Fitch.

Tax treatment

Growth is tax-deferred until withdrawal. Non-qualified withdrawals are taxed on earnings first. Qualified withdrawals are fully ordinary income. Pre-59½ withdrawals may incur a 10% federal penalty.

Fees and riders

Look for mortality and expense charges, administrative fees, subaccount fees, income-rider charges, and enhanced death-benefit costs. Ask what each fee buys.

Crediting method

For indexed products, confirm the index, cap, participation rate, spread, and floor. Compare the same term across carriers.

Death benefit and payout options

Understand what beneficiaries receive and how each payout option changes the monthly amount. Life-only is not the same as joint life or period certain.

If you do only one thing

Read the contract and the illustration in full before purchasing. If the advisor cannot explain every fee, rider, and surrender charge in plain English, pause until they can.

Annuities are insurance products, not bank deposits. Guarantees are subject to the claims-paying ability of the issuing insurer. Withdrawals before age 59½ may be subject to a 10% federal tax penalty. Products, rates, and availability vary by state and change without notice. This page is educational, not a recommendation to buy, sell, or exchange any product.